80pc of Pakistan's population lacks access to clean drinking water, warns ADB report

ISLAMABAD — (Mudasir Ali Rana) The Asian Development Bank’s Water Development Outlook report has revealed that nearly 80% of Pakistan’s population does not have access to clean drinking water.

According to the report, Pakistan will require 35 to 42 billion dollars over the next ten years to improve water governance. Due to rapid population growth, per-capita water availability has dropped by 2,400 cubic meters. ADB notes that between 1972 and 2030, water availability per person has decreased from 3,500 cubic meters to just 1,100 cubic meters, significantly increasing the spread of waterborne diseases.

The report highlights that excessive use of water in agriculture is reducing groundwater levels and increasing pollution. Reverse water flows and infrastructure challenges are threatening the river systems of Pakistan.

It further states that rural water supply remains ineffective, and monitoring systems are weak. Policies for water availability and clean water provision are not aligned with demand. Agriculture, industry, and the energy sector—all face water-related challenges.

According to ADB, Pakistan struggles with low water-storage capacity and an underperforming canal system. Urban water demand is rising by around 10% annually, while untreated water and urban flooding are harming public health and essential services.

The report indicates that urban water systems are outdated, and private investment is minimal. Increasing population, expanding cities, and the discharge of untreated water are putting severe pressure on the environment.

While Pakistan has shown progress in developing a water governance framework, funding remains insufficient. Urban water systems suffer from high wastage, low tariff recovery, and poor billing mechanisms.

ADB emphasizes that major infrastructure projects are needed to enhance water storage. Without institutional partnerships, technical capacity-building, and improved financial planning, Pakistan’s water security risks will intensify. Based on current dollar rates, up to 12 trillion Pakistani rupees will be required for water-sector reforms.

Despite the challenges, the report notes that Pakistan’s water security score has improved over the past 13 years.